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Go to Editorial ManagerIn this paper the ability of fabricating laminate composites by manual layup was discussed. Heating method was used to manufacture the composites; heat was applied to approximately 12 hours with specific heat temperature. There were four types of laminate composites fabricated and studied in this research, containing Aluminum alloy 6061 as the common element in all types, two types of fibers; woven Carbon fiber with two different orientations: ±45°, ±60°, random fiberglass and with two types of resin; epoxy resin and polyester resin. Different types of composites were made to determine the effect of CNC milling machine to the measured surface roughness and for specified parameters. The weight fraction ratio of the fibers is 37%, polymer is 34% and 29% for Aluminum. The parameters selected are spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The L9 Taguchi orthogonal arrays, signal to noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are selected to determine the effect of these parameters; it was analyzed by MINITAB 17 program. The results showed that the parameter were significant more to the epoxy resin specimens than polyester resin specimens. The optimal milling parameters for good surface finish for Aluminum – Carbon fiber composite are at 3000RPM, 1200mm/min, 1.2mm, and for Aluminum – Fiberglass composite are 5000RPM, 1800 mm/min, 2.0mm.
The study here under describes the impact of adding a nano-scaled ceramic particles on the mechanical and fatigue behaviors of aluminum matrix composites AMCs containing 0.5 ,1.0 ,1.5, and 2 % wt. of nano-scaled B4C and Al2O3 particles were dispersed in molten aluminum by the stir-casting process. Vickers, tensile, and fatigue devices were utilized to evaluate the mechanical behavior of composites in the fabrication process. The results show that increasing the weight percentage of nano-ceramic particles increased the hardness, maximum tensile stress, and fatigue strengths of the base alloy. Furthermore, all of the above behaviors of AMCs reinforced with B4C particles are better than those of AMCs reinforced with Al2O3 particles.
Industrial activities significantly affect the environment by releasing many organic pollutants, including industrial dyes, phenols and antibiotics, which produce wastewater. Effective removal of these substances from wastewater has appeared as a noticeable research field owing to its environmental significance. Exorbitant operational expenses and the potential generation of supplementary pollutants load conventional techniques like adsorption, membrane separation, and coagulation. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis has effectively degraded organic contaminants into less toxic or biodegradable compounds. The construction of robust visible-light-sensitive photocatalytic hybrids for environmental decontamination is an inspiring task for researchers. The exceptional photocatalytic performance of silver halides (AgX, where X is I, Cl, and Br) has recently attracted significant consideration as photocatalysts. Moreover, the combination of silver halides with other photo-active semiconductors to create efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst heterojunctions has significantly promoted the broader application of the photocatalysis process with enhanced efficiency. Ag-silver halides/semiconductors heterojunctions have developed as crucial components in efficient composites for photocatalysis through surface plasmonic actions, helping with visible light absorption. The current study overviews the most recent Ag and silver halide-based composite photocatalysts. Additionally, it provides an essential understanding of their promoted photocatalytic performances and their main applications in organic pollutant degradation. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanisms and environmental applications of AgI and composites were discussed.
The research includes studying the mechanical properties of BNTN/PAM nanocomposites under static and dynamic conditions. The BNTN/PAM nanocomposites were prepared with different weight fractions (0, 20%, 40%, 50% and 60%) by utilizing ball milling technique. Tensile strength, Charpy impact and Shore A hardness were performed to verify any improvements in these mechanical properties of nanocomposites. The results showed significant improvements in tensile, Charpy impact, Shore A hardness properties of nanocomposites at 50% weight fraction by approximately 335%, 1422%, 63% respectively. These results started decreasing after addition of 60% of nanoclays content to PAM composites. This mechanism indicates that the percentage of weight content of BNTN could affect the mechanical properties of nanocomposites.
In this study, the mechanical properties of an epoxy, unidirectional woven carbon and fiberglass composite were investigated experimentally. ASTM used for preparing the composite specimen. Different ranges of mixing ratios of woven carbon and fiberglass with epoxy are studied. Tensile, impact and bending test are carried out to investigate the mechanical properties for produced new composites. After testing the mechanical properties of the specimens, it is noted that adding of unidirectional woven carbon layers will leads to strengthens the samples. The mechanical properties of woven carbon composite are far superior to those of woven carbon composite with fiberglass.
The purpose of this research is to investigate how the fiber orientation and loading axis of a composite material affect its behavior. Consideration was given to two different fiber-to-matrix ratios in order to improve the mechanical properties. Hand lay-up samples were produced in accordance with ASTM D790 for flexural testing. On UTM, tensile and flexural tests were performed on the sample. The effect of fiber orientation modifies the composites' mechanical properties. As the fiber orientation increased, the tensile strength of the composite would reduce. This carbon/epoxy composite test demonstrates better strength than those conducted at (30, 5, 60, and 90 degrees). For flexural tests, a three-point bend at 30 degrees demonstrates excellent strength. Utilizing the three-point bend method, the flexural strength and flexural modulus have been determined. The tensile strength, young's modulus, elongation percentage, maximum load to break the composite, peak load, and flexural strength of single- and double-layered carbon fibers were compared and examined. As the number of layers increased, the adhesion between layers of epoxy and fiber carbon, and glass fiber weakened, causing a decrease in almost all mechanical properties. The fabricated 2024-T3 and epoxy glass fiber had higher fatigue strength than aramid reinforced and lower density than steel alloy utilized in aircraft manufacture.
This research studies the physical and mechanical properties of mortar composed of PVC plastic waste particles used as fine aggregate replacement material. PVC particles in quantities of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by volume were used for sand fraction substitution. This quantity of PVC was used to formulate seven mixes with a cement content of 525 kg/m3 and a water-to-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.45. At 7 and 28 days, the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of the mortar's mechanical characteristics were evaluated. Additionally, the physical characteristics of density and absorption were investigated. The findings demonstrated that the mechanical properties and density of mortar containing PVC powder were minimized.
Over the last several years, additive manufacturing (AM), sometimes known as "3D printing", has seen remarkable expansion due to mechatronics and materials science advancements. Fused filament deposition (FDM) production is the predominant technology in additive manufacturing (AM) because of its cost-effectiveness in operational and material expenses. Nevertheless, the materials often used for this technique are pristine thermoplastics. Unsuccessful printing and throwaway prototypes generate a significant quantity of trash. Utilizing green and sustainable products is crucial to minimize the environmental effects. Recycled, bio-based, and mixed recycled materials provide a promising solution for 3D printing. The absence of comprehension about the interlayer adhesion process and material degradation in FDM printing has presented a significant obstacle for these environmentally friendly materials. This study comprehensively examines many materials used for FDM three-dimensional printing filaments, including recycled, bio-based, and mixed materials. The merits and drawbacks of thermoplastics and their composites were deliberated over. This evaluation is a comprehensive guide for engineers and researchers in selecting appropriate materials for three-dimensional printing. Three-dimensional printed objects have worse mechanical characteristics in comparison to injection molded materials.