Enhancing Thermal Stability of Hybrid-Modified Local Asphalt

Riyam H. Khalaf; Mohammed A. Abed

doi:10.29194/NJES.28020233

Authors

Riyam H. Khalaf Dept. of Civil Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Mohammed A. Abed Dept. of Civil Engineering, Al- Nahrain University, Baghdad -Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1799-4251

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29194/NJES.28020233

Keywords:

Activation Energy, PI, Asphalt Enhancers, Polymeric Enhancers

Abstract

Chemical additives and polymeric materials, selected for their compatibility and ability to improve asphalt's performance in demanding environments. Key additives, including Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA), Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAC) beads, Maleic Anhydride (MA), and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) resin, were mixed in precise ratios with the asphalt binder. These additives were chosen to evaluate their effects on crucial performance indicators, such as the Penetration Index (PI) and activation energy, which measure the material’s thermal stability, flexibility, and resistance to deformation. Results demonstrated that the addition of these materials significantly increased the asphalt’s activation energy by up to 45.44%, enhancing its resistance to temperature fluctuations and providing better stability under various environmental stresses. The Penetration Index (PI) also improved notably, indicating that modified asphalt exhibits greater durability and reduced susceptibility to cracking or deformation under thermal changes. These enhancements contribute to lower road maintenance requirements and support greater energy efficiency in asphalt production and application processes. Compared to neat asphalt, the modified asphalt exhibited superior thermal stability, mechanical resilience, and overall performance, making it suitable for use in diverse climatic conditions. This study provides valuable insights into sustainable asphalt modification techniques, emphasizing the role of polymer and chemical additives in extending pavement lifespan and reducing environmental impact through improved material properties.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

R. L. Davis, “Relationship between the rheological properties of asphalt and the rheological properties of mixtures and pavements,” in Asphalt Rheology: Relationship to Mixture, O. E. Briscoe, Ed. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, STP 941-EB, 1987, pp. 28–50. doi:10.1520/STP18521S

L. A. Gömze, R. Géber, and J. C. Tamásné Csányi, “The effect of temperature and composition on the rheological properties of asphalt pavements,” Mater. Sci. Forum, vol. 589, pp. 85–91, 2008. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.589.85

R. N. Hunter, Bituminous Mixtures in Road Construction. London, U.K.: Thomas Telford, 1994.

A. T. Papagiannakis and E. A. Masad, Pavement Design and Materials, 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2024.

J. C. Seidel, J. E. Haddock, and B. Materials, “Rheological characterization of asphalt binders modified with soybean fatty acids,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 324–332, Dec. 2014. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001012

O. Sirin, N. Kumara, N. Bihala, and M. Mehtaa, “Effect of aging on viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixtures,” J. Transp. Eng. B: Pavements, vol. 145, no. 4, Art. no. 04019034, 2019. doi:10.1061/JPEODX.0000137

L. Wang and C. J. Chang, “Rheological evaluation of polymer modified asphalt binders,” J. Transp. Eng., vol. 141, no. 4, pp. 695–702, 2015. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000732

Y. Wang, W. Wang, and L. Wang, “Understanding the relationships between rheology and chemistry of asphalt binders: A review,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 329, p. 127161, 2022. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127161

H. U. Bahia, R. Dongre, and M. F. O. A. M. Performance, “Rheological properties of mineral filler–asphalt mastics and its importance to pavement performance,” J. Eng. Mech., vol. 1147, pp. 131, 1992.

I. Kett, Asphalt Materials and Mix Design Manual. Waltham, MA, USA: William Andrew, 2012.

F. Khabaz and R. Khare, “Molecular simulations of asphalt rheology: Application of time–temperature superposition principle,” J. Rheol., vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 941–954, Jul. 2018. DOI: 10.1122/1.4996919

N. W. McLeod, “Using paving asphalt rheology to impair or improve asphalt pavement design and performance,” in Asphalt Rheology: Relationship to Mixture, ASTM Int., STP 941-EB, 1987, pp. 25–50. DOI: 10.1520/STP18522S

K. Blazejowski, Stone Matrix Asphalt: Theory and Practice. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2016. DOI: 10.1201/b10285

B. Liang, Y. Chen, F. Lan, and J. Zheng, “Evaluation of rheological and aging behavior of modified asphalt based on activation energy of viscous flow,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 321, p. 126347, Feb. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126347

M. G. Mothé, L. F. M. Leite, and C. G. Mothé, “Thermal characterization of asphalt mixtures by TG/DTG, DTA and FTIR,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., vol. 93, pp. 105–109, Jul. 2008. DOI: 10.1007/s10973-007-8807-z

J. G. Speight, Asphalt Materials Science and Technology. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2015.

R. J. Traxler, “The physical chemistry of asphaltic bitumen,” Chem. Rev., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 119–143, Oct. 1936. DOI: 10.1021/cr60063a002

J. B. Wei, et al., “Characterization of asphalt binders based on chemical and physical properties,” J. Mater. Sci., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 33–58, 1996.

D. Grossegger and A. J. Garcia, “Influence of the thermal expansion of bitumen on asphalt self-healing,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 156, pp. 23–33, Apr. 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.04.034

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Gulf War and Health: Volume 11: Generational Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War. Washington, DC, USA: Nat. Acad. Press, 2018. DOI: 10.17226/25162

D. Sun, T. Lin, X. Zhu, and L. Cao, “Calculation and evaluation of activation energy as a self-healing indication of asphalt mastic,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 95, pp. 431–436, 2015. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.126

M. Porto, P. Caputo, V. Loise, S. Eskandarsefat, B. Teltayev, and C. O. Rossi, “Bitumen and bitumen modification: A review on latest advances,” Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 4, p. 742, 2019. doi:10.3390/app9040742

G. Wypych, Self-Healing Materials: Principles and Technology. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2018. doi:10.1557/mrs.2018.252

A. Behnood, “Application of rejuvenators to improve the rheological and mechanical properties of asphalt binders and mixtures: A review,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 231, pp. 171–182, 2019. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.209

A. Diab, M. Enieb, and D. Singh, “Influence of aging on properties of polymer-modified asphalt,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 196, pp. 54–65, 2019. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.105

S. Huang and H. Di Benedetto, Advances in Asphalt Materials: Road and Pavement Construction. Sawston, U.K.: Woodhead Publishing, 2015.

Y. Wang et al., “Aging mechanism of SBS modified asphalt based on chemical reaction kinetics,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 91, pp. 47–56, 2015. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.014

J. Büchner and M. P. Wistuba, “Relating asphalt mixture performance to asphalt mastic rheology,” in Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Maintenance Rehabilitation of Pavements—Mairepav9, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2020, pp. 639–649. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48679-2_60

Y. Yildirim, “Polymer modified asphalt binders,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 66–72, 2007. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.07.007

Z. You, Q. Dai, and F. Xiao, Advanced Asphalt Materials and Paving Technologies. Basel: MDPI, 2018. doi:10.3390/books978-3-03842-890-9

S. A. M. Hesp, T. Terlouw, and W. J. A. P. Vonk, “Low temperature performance of SBS-modified asphalt mixes,” Pavement Technology, vol. 69, pp. 540–573, 2000.

S. W. Haider, M. W. Mirza, A. K. Thottempudi, J. Bari, and G. Y. Baladi, “Characterizing temperature susceptibility of asphalt binders using activation energy for flow,” in Transportation & Development Institute Congress 2011: Integrated Transportation and Development for a Better Tomorrow, Chicago, IL, USA, 2011, pp. 493–503. DOI: 10.1061/41167(398)48

D. Zhang, B. Birgisson, X. Luo, and I. Onifade, “A new short-term aging model for asphalt binders based on rheological activation energy,” Mater. Struct., vol. 52, Art. no. 68, 2019. DOI: 10.1617/s11527-019-1364-7

S. Pranav, M. Lahoti, G. Muthukumar, and E.-H. Yang, “A comprehensive review on applications of engineered cementitious composites in pavements,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 409, p. 134056, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134056

N. M. Asmael, M. Q. Waheed, and J. F. E. Technology, “Investigation of using polymers to improve asphalt pavement performance,” Am. Sci. Res. J. Eng. Technol. Sci., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 38–48, 2018. DOI: 10.48084/etasr.6607

Y. Becker, M. P. Mendez, and Y. J. Rodriguez, “Polymer modified asphalt,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 39–50, 2001.

C. Fang, R. Yu, S. Liu, and Y. Li, “Nanomaterials applied in asphalt modification: A review,” J. Mater. Sci. Technol., vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 589–594, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2013.04.008

A. Usmani, Asphalt Science and Technology. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 1997.

J. Wang, J. Yuan, K. Kim, and F. Xiao, “Performance investigation and sustainability evaluation of multiple-polymer asphalt mixtures in airfield pavement,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 189, pp. 67–77, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.208

ASTM D5-13, Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 2013. DOI: 10.1520/D0005-06E01

ASTM International, “Standard Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials,” ASTM D113/D113M-17, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2017.

ASTM International, “Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester,” ASTM D92-18, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D0092-18

ASTM International, “Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Asphalt Binder (Pycnometer Method),” ASTM D70-18a, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D0070-18A

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, “Test Method for Flash and Fire Points of Asphalt by Cleveland Open Cup Tester,” AASHTO TP 48-19, Washington, DC, USA, 2019.

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, “Test Method for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer,” AASHTO TP 5-23, Washington, DC, USA, 2023.

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, “Standard Method of Test for Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt Binder (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test),” AASHTO TP 240-22, Washington, DC, USA, 2022.

ASTM International, “Standard Practice for Preparation of Asphalt Mixture Specimens Using Marshall Apparatus,” ASTM D6926-20, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2020. DOI: 10.1520/D6926-20

ASTM International, “Standard Test Method for Indirect Tensile (IDT) Strength of Asphalt Mixtures,” ASTM D6931-17, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D6931-17

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, “Test Method for Flash and Fire Points of Asphalt by Cleveland Open Cup Tester,” AASHTO TP 48-19, Washington, DC, USA, 2019.

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, “Test Method for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer,” AASHTO TP 5-23, Washington, DC, USA, 2023.

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, “Standard Method of Test for Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt Binder (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test),” AASHTO TP 240-22, Washington, DC, USA, 2022.