Solar Panel Angle Orientation Influences Power Gain: A Case Study for KRG Location

Ronak Ahmad Saeed; Pshtiwan M. Sharif; Rezan Ahmed Ali; Abubaker Aziz Ahmed

doi:10.29194/NJES.27030374

Authors

Ronak Ahmad Saeed Department of Automotive Technology Engineering, Erbil Technology College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq.
Pshtiwan M. Sharif KRG- Ministry of Electricity, General Directorate of Power Generation, Erbil, Iraq.
Rezan Ahmed Ali Department of Automation Industrial Technology Engineering, Erbil Technology College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq.
Abubaker Aziz Ahmed Department of Automation Industrial Technology Engineering, Erbil Technology College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29194/NJES.27030374

Keywords:

Solar Energy, Solar Panels, Tilt Angle, Power Gain, KRG

Abstract

Due to the Kurdistan regional government-KRG district mission potential towards huge solar energy power generation plant investments by global investors, a genuine study is required to explore the impact of PV-panels installation angles on power generation gain within all seasons duration as the KRG located in four season area which, affect the annual total power gain due to daylight duration effect in each season. The proposed study was conducted within a duration of “513” days utilizing three PV tilt installation angle tests of “ 30⁰, 35⁰, and 40⁰ ” with “ 545 watts single side PV plates” selecting the Erbil district area gaining a crucial role in maximizing energy output for comparison, Results presented a significant variation in power gain due to deviations in annual effective daylight duration effectively mostly a reduction in cold seasons within 25%-37.7% drops compared to the hot season, while the sunset and sunrise duration presented a significant influence of 5%-10% drops in power generated. The season change shows a significant influence of weather variation in each calendar on power gain annually. The installation orientation angle impact presented divergence in production within the cold season only. Process output can potentially unlock a novelty awareness of the investors toward innovative yield project optimization in the area as it will affect the annual power purchasing influence and production divergence with interest.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

S. Al-Hamadani, “Solar energy as a potential contributor to help bridge the gap between electricity supply and growing demand in Iraq: A review,” Int J Adv Appl Sci ISSN, vol. 2252, no. 8814, p. 8814, 2020.

H. D. S. Altai, F. T. Abed, M. H. Lazim, and H. T. H. S. ALRikabi, “Analysis of the problems of electricity in Iraq and recommendations of methods of overcoming them,” Period. Eng. Nat. Sci., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 607–614, 2022.

R. M. Hannun and A. H. A. Razzaq, “Air pollution resulted from coal, oil and gas firing in thermal power plants and treatment: A Review,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, 2022, p. 12008.

S. Yi, K. R. Abbasi, K. Hussain, A. Albaker, and R. Alvarado, “Environmental concerns in the United States: Can renewable energy, fossil fuel energy, and natural resources depletion help?,” Gondwana Res., vol. 117, pp. 41–55, 2023.

M. K. G. Deshmukh, M. Sameeroddin, D. Abdul, and M. A. Sattar, “Renewable energy in the 21st century: A review,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 80, pp. 1756–1759, 2023.

Y. Xu and F. Zhao, “Impact of energy depletion, human development, and income distribution on natural resource sustainability,” Resour. Policy, vol. 83, p. 103531, 2023.

M. R. Hayati, S. Ranjbar, M. R. Abdar, M. Molaei Nasab, S. Homayounmajd, and M. Esmaeili Shayan, “A Comparative Analysis of Solar Energy Strategies in Middle East with Rich Fossil Resources,” Iran. J. Energy Environ., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 271–288, 2023.

H. N. Bekheet, N. K. Al Sudany, and S. S. Najm, “Iraqi economy and renewable energy projects between economic necessity and investment challenges,” Int. J. Prof. Bus. Rev. Int. J. Prof. Bus. Rev., vol. 8, no. 8, p. 71, 2023.

J. Tang, H. Ni, R.-L. Peng, N. Wang, and L. Zuo, “A review on energy conversion using hybrid photovoltaic and thermoelectric systems,” J. Power Sources, vol. 562, p. 232785, 2023.

B. He, H. Lu, C. Zheng, and Y. Wang, “Characteristics and cleaning methods of dust deposition on solar photovoltaic modules-A review,” Energy, vol. 263, p. 126083, 2023.

M. M. Hasan et al., “Harnessing solar power: a review of photovoltaic innovations, solar thermal systems, and the dawn of energy storage solutions,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 18, p. 6456, 2023.

S. C. Nwokolo, A. U. Obiwulu, O. Amadi, and J. C. Ogbulezie, “Assessing the impact of soiling, tilt angle, and solar radiation on the performance of solar PV systems,” Trends Renew. Energy, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 121–137, 2023.

O. M. Ali and O. R. Alomar, “Technical and economic feasibility analysis of a PV grid-connected system installed on a university campus in Iraq,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 15145–15157, 2023.

M. R. Maghami, H. Hizam, C. Gomes, M. A. Radzi, M. I. Rezadad, and S. Hajighorbani, “Power loss due to soiling on solar panel: A review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 59, pp. 1307–1316, 2016.

K. Bakirci, “General models for optimum tilt angles of solar panels: Turkey case study,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 6149–6159, 2012.

I. J. Khadim, E. J. Mahdi, and A. H. Ubaid, “Determining Tilt Angle for Fixed Solar Panel Tosites of Iraq’s Provinces by Using the Programs on NASA and Google Earth Websites,” Eng. Technol. J., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 498–506, 2014.

A. K. Pandey, V. V Tyagi, A. Jeyraj, L. Selvaraj, N. A. Rahim, and S. K. Tyagi, “Recent advances in solar photovoltaic systems for emerging trends and advanced applications,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 53, pp. 859–884, 2016.

Www.sonnenverlauf.de, “suncalc.” https://www.suncalc.org/#/36.145,44.0187,3/2024.04.20/15:04/1/0

Q. Hassan, S. A. Hafedh, A. Hasan, and M. Jaszczur, “Evaluation of energy generation in Iraqi territory by solar photovoltaic power plants with a capacity of 20 MW,” Energy Harvest. Syst., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 97–111, 2022.

C. Department, “Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology.” https://www.accuweather.com/ar/iq/baghdad/207375/weather-forecast/207375

B. Perers, “The solar resource in cold climates,” in Photovoltaics in cold climates, Routledge, 2019, pp. 20–29.

H. Zsiborács et al., “Change of real and simulated energy production of certain photovoltaic technologies in relation to orientation, tilt angle and dual-axis sun-tracking. A case study in Hungary,” Sustainability, vol. 10, no. 5, p. 1394, 2018.

Sunpath3d, “Dr. Andrew Marsh,” Dr. Andrew Marsh. https://andrewmarsh.com/apps/staging/sunpath3d.html

A. K. Abdelaal and A. El-Fergany, “Estimation of optimal tilt angles for photovoltaic panels in Egypt with experimental verifications,” Sci. Rep., vol. 13, no. 1, p. 3268, 2023.

M. S. Azam et al., “Performance enhancement of solar PV system introducing semi-continuous tracking algorithm based solar tracker,” Energy, vol. 289, p. 129989, 2024.

Y. Ghiassi-Farrokhfal, W. Ketter, and J. Collins, “Making green power purchase agreements more predictable and reliable for companies,” Decis. Support Syst., vol. 144, p. 113514, 2021.

F. I. Cuervo, C. A. Arredondo-Orozco, and G. C. Marenco-Maldonado, “Photovoltaic power purchase agreement valuation under real options approach,” Renew. Energy Focus, vol. 36, pp. 96–107, 2021.

M. De Nooij, C. Koopmans, and C. Bijvoet, “The value of supply security: The costs of power interruptions: Economic input for damage reduction and investment in networks,” Energy Econ., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 277–295, 2007.

Dongguan Kaideng Energy Technology Co, “kaideng-app.” https://en.kaidengdg.com/download-category/app-software.html

Google, “Smart Life - Smart Living.” https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tuya.smartlife&hl=en&gl=US

B. J. Huang, T. H. Lin, W. C. Hung, and F. S. Sun, “Performance evaluation of solar photovoltaic/thermal systems,” Sol. energy, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 443–448, 2001.

Q. Hassan, “Evaluation and optimization of off-grid and on-grid photovoltaic power system for typical household electrification,” Renew. Energy, vol. 164, pp. 375–390, 2021.

A. Rasul, H. Balzter, and C. Smith, “Diurnal and seasonal variation of surface urban cool and heat islands in the semi-arid city of Erbil, Iraq,” Climate, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 42, 2016.

H. A. K. A. Khayyat, A. J. M. Sharif, and M. Crespi, “Assessing the impacts of climate change on natural resources in Erbil area, the Iraqi Kurdistan using geo-information and Landsat data,” Environ. Remote Sens. GIS Iraq, pp. 463–498, 2020.

M. L. Sampson, J. R. Beattie, M. R. Krumholz, R. M. Crocker, C. Federrath, and A. Seta, “Turbulent diffusion of streaming cosmic rays in compressible, partially ionized plasma,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., vol. 519, no. 1, pp. 1503–1525, 2023.

Y. Gu and K. Liou, “Radiative Transfer and Atmospheric Interactions,” Fast Process. Large‐Scale Atmos. Model. Progress, Challenges, Oppor., pp. 11–51, 2023.

S. Castelletto and A. Boretti, “Luminescence Solar Concentrators: a technology update,” Nano Energy, p. 108269, 2023.

A. M. Elmalky and M. T. Araji, “Computational procedure of solar irradiation: A new approach for high performance façades with experimental validation,” Energy Build., vol. 298, p. 113491, 2023.

F. M. Nollas, G. A. Salazar, and C. A. Gueymard, “Quality control procedure for 1-minute pyranometric measurements of global and shadowband-based diffuse solar irradiance,” Renew. Energy, vol. 202, pp. 40–55, 2023.

Q. Hassan, M. K. Abbas, A. M. Abdulateef, J. Abdulateef, and A. Mohamad, “Assessment the potential solar energy with the models for optimum tilt angles of maximum solar irradiance for Iraq,” Case Stud. Chem. Environ. Eng., vol. 4, p. 100140, 2021.

A. Brandolini, M. Faifer, and R. Ottoboni, “A simple method for the calibration of traditional and electronic measurement current and voltage transformers,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 1345–1353, 2009.

J. Jing, Y. Zhou, L. Wang, Y. Liu, and D. Wang, “The spatial distribution of China’s solar energy resources and the optimum tilt angle and power generation potential of PV systems,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 283, p. 116912, 2023.

Y. B. Hassan, M. Orabi, and M. Gaafar, “Failures causes analysis of grid-tie photovoltaic inverters based on faults signatures analysis (FCA-B-FSA),” Sol. Energy, vol. 262, p. 111831, 2023.

U. Mamodiya and N. Tiwari, “Dual-axis solar tracking system with different control strategies for improved energy efficiency,” Comput. Electr. Eng., vol. 111, p. 108920, 2023.

A. Al-Othman et al., “An experimental study on hybrid control of a solar tracking system to maximize energy harvesting in Jordan,” Sol. Energy, vol. 263, p. 111931, 2023.