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Go to Editorial ManagerSurface reconstruction of silicon using lasers could be utilized to produce silicon nanostructures of various features. Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical etching processes of silicon were employed to synthesize nanostructured surface. Effects of current densities 5, 10 and 20 mA/cm2 on the surface features were examined. It is found that the surface porosity and layer thickness increase with the current density. Moreover, large surface area of 410 m2/cm3 can be achieved when laser power density 0f 0.6 W/cm2 was used during the etching process. Optimum operating conditions were found to achieve better silicon nanostructured surface features. The surface roughness can be reduced to 8.3 nm using laser beam of 650 nm irradiated the silicon surface during the photoelectrochemical etching process. The surface morphology of the nanostructured silicon surface using SEM and AFM could give rich details about the surface. Silver nanoparticles of 10 – 20 nm was embedded at the nanostructured silicon surface by LIFT process to reduce the surface resistance and maintain the large surface area. This technique enables silicon nanostructures to be efficiently used in many optoelectronic applications.
Lately, nanotechnology has made significant advancements in various scientific and medical fields, including dentistry, by developing nanoparticles with distinct chemical and physical properties. Green synthesis is considered an eco-friendly alternative and a safe and sustainable method compared to conventional chemical and physical synthesis methods, which often contain toxic and environmentally harmful materials. This method is also cost-effective, biocompatible, and consumes less energy, thereby reducing pollution and environmental hazards, and making it suitable for various biomedical applications. Many nanoparticles have been employed in dentistry to enhance preventive treatments, including dental implants, orthodontics, the treatment of tooth decay bacteria, and endodontics. Despite their numerous benefits in the dental field, nanoparticles can exhibit toxicity risks, long-term impacts, and limited stability that require further investigation before their use in clinical applications. This review analyzes and classifies over 70 studies from the past 10 years based on plant extract source, nanoparticle types, and dental applications. We offer a new classification framework that organizes nanoparticles synthesized using green methods according to their manufacturing process and functional applications in dentistry. Comparative analysis reveals that, for instance, zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles synthesized through a green process exhibit the highest antibacterial activity with low toxicity. This review highlights current research gaps in biostability and toxicity, and provides insights into potential clinical applications and future research directions. It focuses on the role and benefits of the green method in improving the properties of nanoparticles, as well as its impact and effectiveness in developing dental materials and mitigating biological risks, opening up broad and new horizons in advanced dental treatments.