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Go to Editorial ManagerGraphene is two Dimension-carbon based nanomaterial, and unique properties of the graphene made it interest to researchers. The objective of this work was to address the need for low-cost, efficient graphene preparation; the electrochemical exfoliation process and photosynthesis of the exfoliated solution were used. In this study, the exfoliated graphite mixture. The exfoliated graphite (Gr2, Gr3, Gr4) (0.08, 0.1, 0.2 M NaCl, respectively) was dried by sunlight and investigated; the results confirmed of multilayer graphene by Raman, UV–Vis, FESEM/EDS, grain size 4–9 µm) . Behavior of UV analysis related with number of single and multilayer of graphene depends on conjugative effect that arises from nanometer-scale sp2 clusters, and chromophore units as well as functional groups, also oxygen clusters may be removed and disappear the shoulder. FTIR peaks confirmed peeling off graphene layers. One of the most important reactions is the incorporation of Cl atoms into unsaturated sites. Grain size increased with increasing voltage, while it decreased in (0.2 M) NaCl. FESEM showed a smooth, crimped surface. EDS analysis showed a C/O ratio of (7.6, 4.6, 1.26), with Cl and Na observed in rinsed Gr3. D, G, and 2D peaks were displayed by Raman spectroscopy. In this study, it was concluded that NaCl-assisted exfoliation is a simple and low-cost route.
The intention of this study was to explore the efficiency and feasibility of adsorption of Reactive Blue dye (H3R) used in textile industries using Raw wheat straw (RWS) and Modified wheat straw (MWS) as a low-cost adsorbent. Wheat straw was modified using cationic surfactant (CTAB) to study the improvement of dye removal. The properties of Raw and Modified wheat straw are studied by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses to determine the functional groups and the nature of their surface. Continuous experiments were done by fixed-bed column to study the characteristics of the breakthrough curve using different bed heights and flow rates. Results showed that the breakthrough time increases with increasing bed height and decreasing flow rate, in turn results into higher removal capacity. Results also showed a higher flow rate lead a lower adsorption capacity due to insufficient residence time. Bed depth service time model (BDST), Adam-Bohart and Thomas models were used to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the adsorption capacity of the column. The highest bed capacity of 12.95 and 32.2 mg/g for MWS was obtained using 10 mg/L, 10 cm bed height at 10 mL/min and 30 mL/min respectively.