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Go to Editorial ManagerFunctionally graded materials (FGM) are a category of composite materials distinguished by specific design attributes that allow them to serve various purposes and applications. This study used FGM samples made from carbon particles and a polyester matrix to manufacture micro-shapes and study the changes in vibration characteristics at different parameters. The manufactured samples contained different weight percentages, ranging from 0% to 20%, and a subsequent step involved manufacturing two different grades of FGM samples: one consisting of five layers and the other of eleven layers. The free vibration characteristics of the FGM structure were determined experimentally and numerically. The effect of varying several parameters on the natural frequency was monitored, including the number of FGM layers, thickness, and gradient coefficient. The Ansys Workbench (version 2022 R1) was used to analyze free vibration to verify the experimental results. Vibration testing of square FGM panels showed that the natural frequency increased with the number of layers. Improving the thickness of the panels also resulted in increased natural frequency values, when changing the thickness from 5mm to 10mm increases the natural frequency by an amount of 173.34 Hz at 11 layers. Model analysis using finite element analysis (FEA) tools confirmed the validity of the experimental solution, with a maximum discrepancy of 9.72%. Based on numerical calculations, the natural frequency coefficient decreased with increasing power law index under different boundary conditions and increased with increasing number of constraints in the sample.
Functionally graded material is one of the promising sectors of the material since because of the great ability to control with required product properties could be strongly used in biomedical applications exclusively in the implants sector, this review paper demonstrates briefly about the most prominent known manufacturing methods and focusing on the implants coated by FGM layer manufactured by using EPD method because the EPD has significant properties it could produce FGM layer in the Room temperature without depending on chemical reactions or heat adding, Biomedical application need highly accuracy when we deal with material that directly contact with human tissue because the heat effect could be change the biocompatibility properties and also the chemical reactions could make toxic effect on the produced implants, All these reasons make the EPD one of the favorable method for the FGM coated Implants. this paper will summarise and give the Gide line for the researcher about the most important substrate and suspension materials used in the EPD method and its application.
The free vibration analysis of rotating multi-layered cylindrical shell is investigated based on the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) of shell. Cylindrical shell consists of three layers; outer and inner layers are isotropic material and the middle layer is a functionally graded material (FGM). The material properties for middle layer are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction. Based on Hamilton’s principle, the equilibrium equations and the equations of motion are derived and then solved by using the differential quadrature method (DQM) as a numerical tool. MATLAB software was adopted for programming the equations and the related boundary condition. The effect of (FGM) layer thickness, angular speed, index power law, circumferential wave number on the natural frequency of the clamped-clamped rotating cylindrical shell were examined. The numerical results showed that a reasonable agreement between the present study and analytical data available in the literature.
Functionally graded materials were created using laser-directed energy deposition technology. This work examines how different mixing ratios of Stainless Steel 316L and Inconel 625 affect the relative density and porosity of these materials. Twelve samples were created using a constant laser power of 600 W, three different laser scan speeds (20, 25, and 30 mm/s), and four different SS316L/IN625 transition ratios (85%/15%, 60%/40%, 40%/60%, and 15%/85%). To determine the volumetric distribution across the compositional gradients, the porosity and relative density measurements were taken. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used for microstructural analytical characterization to differentiate between compositional gradients in grain shape and phase distribution. The mechanical performance was examined using microhardness measures, namely the Vickers method. This study applied to prove the process parameters and compositional transformations to the resulting microstructural features and mechanical properties, providing insight into optimizing the laser-directed energy deposition-manufactured functionally graded materials for advanced performance. The best graded composition was found that gives the best overall performance based on experimental data.