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Go to Editorial ManagerForced vibration has been experimentally investigated on a model consists of circular pipe with1.6m length. The pipe built in tank (1.2m length, 0.6m height and 0.6m width) horizontally at 0.4m height with two different diameters d=15mm and d=35mm. The pipe conveying laminar flow in the fully developed region, of Reynolds number equals 2000. The experimental results of span pipe conveying water at five stations of forced excitation vibration were studied. The harmonic forced vibration with two different excitation frequencies (10 Hz and 15 Hz) are imposed at all of the five locations. The distance between two stations is (0.2m). Two conditions of pipe environment have been applied, the first in air and the other was immersed in water. It is concluded that the effect of flow induced vibration due to the pipe conveying fluid increases the maximum deflection when the fluid speed increases. The water surrounds the pipes reduce the effect of excitation vibration about (33 – 46%). The effect difference between the excitation frequencies was about (4 – 7%).
Natural convection air heat transfer and fluid movement currents around a hot circular cylinder inside an inclined triangular enclosure has been analyzed experimentally. Three different sizes of an enclosure with a long side of 20, 25, and 30 cm, the thickness of 1 mm, and depth of 50 cm were used in the present work to give three radius ratios. The effect of Rayleigh number, radius ratio, the rotation angle of triangle enclosure, and the inclination angle of the apparatus with horizontal axis ? on the heat transfer process was investigated. The ranges of these parameters were: Rayleigh number from 5×106 to 2.5×108, radius ratio (0.345, 0.455, and 0.618), rotation angle (0o, 45o, and 90o), and inclination angle (0o, 45o and 90o). The results show that the heat transfer rates increase with increase in Rayleigh number and as the rotation angle of enclosure is changed from 0o to 90o. Moreover, the heat transfer rate increases linearly with Rayleigh number at higher radius at rotation angle 0o, 90o only. While, it increases slightly with Rayleigh number at rotation angle 45o. Additionally, the higher heat transfer rates occur at vertical position of enclosure inclination angle 90o and rotation angle 0o (the base of triangle at the bottom) and it decreases as inclination angle deviates from 90o to 0o. This behavior is reverse completely at higher radius ratio 0.618. Empirical correlations for the average Nusselt number has been found to depend on Rayleigh number., radius ratio, rotation angle and inclination angle.
Non-dispersive near-infrared technique is widely used nowadays for the detection of gases, especially in harsh environments. In this study, an optical gas cell was designed for oxygenator exhaust capnometry. A computer-based simulation was used for the analysis of air flows for model selection. ANSYS Discovery 2020 R2 was used for model simulation. The gas flow cells were tested using a custom-made gas rig to measure the fraction absorbance of carbon dioxide gas at the detector. Two gases were used, nitrogen gas as a reference gas (0%) and 9% carbon dioxide. Three gas cells with the following optical path lengths were tested: 31mm, 36mm, and 40mm. The results showed that all gas flow cells produced laminar flow and small pressure drop across the inlet and outlet of the cell (11~12 Pa). Further, the minimum velocity is obtained in the 40mm gas flow sensor and it is located at the gas outlet path away from the effective optical gas path. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the gas flow cell of 40mm optical path length is more suitable for the intended application as it offers a maximum effective absorption path compared to the stagnation areas, and as a result, it provides the maximum fraction absorbance.