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Go to Editorial ManagerIn this work, a sensor for cooking oils was designed and fabricated for the first time using hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF). This sensor was studied practically, and the results showed a difference in sensitivity depending on the type of oil. The results showed that the wavelength shift occurred with very small changes in the refractive index of the edible oil. The confinement loss was computed. Seven oils with various refractive indices were utilized. Based on our results, the relative sensitivity to various kinds of Canola oil, Sunflower oil, Olive oil, Walnut oil, Sesame oil, Corn oil, and Wheat oil are 79.9321%, 80.1588%, 77.4523%, 77.4889%, and 77.5650%, 77.6652%, 80.5902% respectively. Moreover, the proposed sensor also has low confinement losses of 6.473×10-9dB/m, 1.158×10-9dB/m, 1.2×10-9dB/m, 1.20×10-9dB/m, 1.199×10-9 dB/m, 1.2×10-9dB/m, and 6.347×10-9dB/m respectively. This sensor can be used to measure the quality of oils and distinguish their types, and they can be a practical element in oil detection systems, which will bring about a change in the future in oil detection methods.
Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are generally divided into two categories: solid-core photonic crystal fibers and hollow-core photonic crystal fibers. In this paper, a long-period fiber Bragg grating (LPFBG) was experimentally fabricated in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) using a CO₂ laser and based on the point-by-point technique. Proper LPFBGs were inscribed using laser powers of 0.9 W and 1.4 W, with grating parameters (grating period, length of each pitch, and depth of each pitch) equal to (136 µm, 48.042 µm, 16 µm) and (142 µm, 74.027 µm, 22.09 µm), respectively, for two samples. The Bragg wavelengths and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) were (1529.274 nm, 1.34 nm) and (1529.629 nm, 5.11 nm), respectively, for the two samples fabricated using CO₂ laser powers of 0.9 W and 1.4 W. From these results, it was recognized that the optimal LPFBG-HC-PCF was the one fabricated using 0.9 W laser power. The unique structure of hollow-core photonic crystal fibers, which enables light propagation within the air core and provides a large internal surface area, has attracted significant research interest for various sensing و communication applications, Environmental and Biological Monitoring, and medical applications.