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Go to Editorial ManagerThis paper is intended to study the effect of using upstream and downstream sheet pile in double soil layer on the seepage, uplift pressure exit gradient at toe of hydraulic structure using computer program SEEP/W software._x000D_ Depended on the software program tests were carried out with three different value of each following parameter: upstream sheet pile depth, downstream sheet pile depth, permeability for first and second soil layer, depth of first and second soil layer, with using constant upstream head and distance between the two sheet pile. For each test the quantity of seepage, exit gradient and uplift pressure at toe of hydraulics structure were determined. Based on the results of these runs an empirical equations developed to determine the quantity of seepage, uplift pressure and exit gradient at toe of hydraulic structure by using SPSS software. Also, Verify the SEEP/W results and the suggested equations with artificial neural network (ANN). The verification show difference less than 5% , 2% and 6% for exit gradient, discharge and uplift pressure respectively at toe of hydraulic structure.
The present work demonstrates the optimization process of Micro- hole of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) by Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The workpiece material was copper alloy. The current, gap distance and pulse on time were the control parameters of EDM. The process has been successfully modeled using ANFIS model constructs a fuzzy inference system in MATLAB 7.2 Software Gaussian type for optimization of micro diameter, were adopted during the training and testing process of ANFIS model in order to compare the prediction accuracy of micro diameter by one membership function. Finally, the comparison of ANFIS results with experimental data indicates that adoption of Gaussian membership function in proposed system achieved satisfactory accuracy. Prediction using ANFIS model compared with experimental values of micro holes at correspond ratio 98.37%.
Due to the instability and irregular of national electric power supplied to residence sector in Iraq for long term history, attracted researchers interest to strive for solutions, and associated challenge dry and very hot summer season in Iraq on air conditioning application, A test room full size prototype was constructed in Baghdad, its size 33.5m3, the room is built from very good thermal insulation Autoclave Aerated Concrete AAC with white panted Concrete roof, test room is exposed to solar radiation during entire day, thermal energy shifted by time using thermal energy storage TES containing PCM, PCM is soft paraffin its phase inversion temperature (29 to 27)°C, thermal energy was shifted from night timing by cooling down TES (Discharging PCM) to peak time 11:00 am to 02:00 pm, the testes were carried out over entire summer season April to October, the results showed thermal energy can shift to by any quantity and time based on mass of PCM and enthalpy, electrical energy saved at peak time 52.5% of total power spent over season 2.7KW/day, Only 27% of electric energy utilized to discharge PCM during night, about 43% of heat lose is sourced from exposed roof, melting and solidification of PCM temperature must be within indoor comfort range 23 to 28 ?C to release or absorb the latent heat 41kJ/kg.
It is essential to review and develop a system of water control structures and canals that can be used to manage high-flow discharges and the flood control plan requirement to modify the system's capacity. Al-Ramadi Project System is considered one of the main flood control projects on the Euphrates River within Anbar Governorate, Western Iraq. This study will focus on Al-Majjarah Canal and Regulator, which is part of Al-Ramadi Project and has the function of a link canal between Al-Habbaniyah and Al-Razazza lakes, and describe the capacity of the canal under typical operating conditions and during floods. The study used HEC-RAS 6.1 software to run a numerical model to simulate this canal. According to previous research studies near the research region on the Euphrates River, for the main canal, the roughness coefficient was taken at 0.026, and for the flood plain, it was taken at 0.03. The same parameter value was applied to Al-Majjarah Canal. Due to the study region's similar geology and nature. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was made of the roughness coefficient and its influence on the water surface elevation for the canal. The model result indicated in the current situation of Al-Majjarah Canal can pass a flow rate of 1300 m3/s when Al-Razazza Lake is at an average water level that has been approved by the Ministry of Water Resources at 32.02 m.a.m.s.l.. If the water level in Al-Razazza Lake is in the semi-filled position of 40 m.a.m.s.l., it causes floods for the canal because the water level rises above the banks of the canal at the last kilometer from the canal, even when passing a few discharges through the canal. Accordingly, it is not possible to safely pass the flow rate for a flood wave with a 500-year return period predicted by the "Study of Strategy for Water and Land Resources in Iraq (2014)", which is 2000 m3/s for this canal, without making modifications to the expansion of Al-Majjarah Regulator by adding additional gates, expanding the entrance and exit of the Regulator, reshaping and expanding some cross-sections, and raising some of the banks for the canal. The above-mentioned modification were applied for the purpose of passing the expected discharge from the canal, while maintaining a freeboard of 1 m between the water surface and the canal banks.