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Go to Editorial ManagerThe Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a most complex power electronic device, which can simultaneously control a local bus voltage and optimize power flows in the electrical power transmission system. This paper presents the effect of installing the UPFC on the Iraqi (400 kV) grid transmission system to control the active and reactive power flow by choosing the optimal location and parameters of Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFCs), which were specified based on the Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization method. The objectives are improving voltage profile, reducing power losses, treating power flow in overloaded transmission lines, and reducing power generation. The steady state model of UPFC has been adopted on (400 kV) Iraq transmission lines and simulated using the MATLAB programming language. The Newton-Raphson (NR) numerical analysis method has been used for solving the load flow of the system. The practical part has been solved through Power System Simulation for Engineers (PSS\E) software Version 32.0. The Comparative results between the experimental and practical parts obtained from adopting the UPFC were too close and almost the same under different loading conditions, which are (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of the total load.
In this research, experimental and analytical deep drawing of the several-stages design mold is produce hexagonal cup and also proved the influence of the thickness of the sheet on the allocation of strain and laminating in curvature of the cup area for all stages of the drawing. Three stages deep drawing mold was designed and constructed to carry out the experimental work required to produce a hexagonal cup of (28.25 mm by 24.5 mm) , (60 mm) high drawn from a circular flat sheet (80 mm diameter), made from low carbon steel (1006–AISI). Analysis program (ANSYS11.0) to perform the finite element method to accomplish the analytical side of the search. Three types of thickness sheet (tt°= 0.5, 0.7,1 mm) with constant radius of curvature of punch equal to (RRpp =4) mm, radius of curvature of die equal to (RRdd=8 mm)and radius of curvature of wall of die (RRcc= 4 mm) were used. From the experimental and analytical results of the three stages of drawing, it has been found that drawing load less than the more advanced stages of drawing operation on the wall of cup, maximum laminating take place at curvature of the cup area with sheet thickness equal to (tt°=0.5 mm) and maximum thickeningtake place at the at throat cup with sheet thickness equal to (tt°=1 mm), the maximum values of strains (radial, hoop, thickness andeffective)take place at throat cup with sheet thickness equal to (tt°=1 mm).