Vol. 29 No. 3 (2026) Cover Image
Vol. 29 No. 3 (2026)

Published: September 20, 2026

Pages: 426-434

Articles

PID and ADRC Controller: A Comparative Analysis for Induction Motor Speed Regulation

Sarah Haider Abdulredha 1 Sana Khalid Abdul Hassan 2 Israa Hashim latif 3
1 Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-NahrainUniversity, Baghdad, Iraq
2 Department of Electronic and Communications Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
3 Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-NahrainUniversity, Baghdad, Iraq.
History
  • Received: March 3, 2025
  • Revised: June 17, 2025
  • Accepted: August 8, 2025
  • Available Online: September 20, 2026
DOI

https://doi.org/10.29194/NJES.29030426

Abstract

Three-phase induction motors (IM) are widely utilized in various applications such as fans, milling machines, conveyor systems, robotics, pumps, and heavy machinery. Tasks that require precise speed control often demand additional control systems to ensure efficient and accurate operation. Unfortunately, the speed control of induction motors is a difficult problem due to system nonlinearity, parameter variations, and external disturbances. Therefore, standard proportional-integral-differential (PID) control systems are among the various techniques available for motor speed regulation. In this paper, the PID controller is used as a criteria to assess the efficacy of the proposed approach. This work specifically addresses the use of a toolbox controller for active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) to control the speed of a three-phase IM. The ADRC toolbox is a software tool (often a MATLAB/Simulink toolbox or library) designed to help users implement ADRC methods in their systems without having to code the algorithms from scratch. The speed performance of the motor was compared between PID and ADRC controllers. The evaluation was performed under steady state operation, with the intention of establishing and maintaining the speed of 1400 rpm. By simulation, the performance of the controllers in respect of rise time, settling time and the current consumption in all the simulations was analyzed conducted through MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation data indicate that the ADRC system outperforms conventional PID controllers when used with induction motors. Performance indicators such as ITAE (14.3 vs. 19.7), ISE (234.01 vs. 251.13), and RMSE (644.21 vs. 660.62) demonstrate that the ADRC system provides higher accuracy, faster response, and more efficient speed regulation control compared to the PID system. The results reveal that ADRC has better performance, especially in disturbance suppression. starting current, which contributes to extending the motor’s operational lifespan. Additionally, ADRC ensures smooth acceleration of rotor speed with a lower rise time of 0.3s as well as settling time of 0.36s, allowing the system to reach steady-state speed more efficiently. ADRC is more adaptive to nonlinear and unpredictable settings than PID since it actively compensates for total disturbances and estimates them.

Keywords

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